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Courage has always been a central virtue in the Western ethical tradition, but its meaning has changed considerably over time. In antiquity, courage signified fearlessness in the face of bodily injury and death, whether passively endured (like Socrates and Christ) or actively risked (like Achilles and Alexander the Great).Today, however, such "physical courage", as it is called, tends to be ...

Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, his main work of theoretical philosophy, frequently uses metaphors from the law. In this first book-length study in English of Kant's legal metaphors and their role in the first Critique, Sofie Møller shows that they are central to Kant's account of reason. Through an analysis of the legal metaphors in their entirety, she demonstrates that Kant conceives of reason ...

Why has anger become such a dominant theme in today's world that people have even spoken of an "age of anger"? Is it conceivable that this emotionalization could also have a positive effect, under what conditions? In terms of the history of philosophy and religion, two approaches to this topic can be identified. On the one hand, a complete rejection, in Buddhism, for example, and in Stoicism; on ...

Why has anger become such a dominant theme in today's world that people have even spoken of an "age of anger"? Is it conceivable that this emotionalization could also have a positive effect, under what conditions? In terms of the history of philosophy and religion, two approaches to this topic can be identified. On the one hand, a complete rejection, in Buddhism, for example, and in Stoicism; on ...

There is order on the internet, but how has this order emerged and what challenges will threaten and shape its future? This study shows how a legitimate order of norms has emerged online, through both national and international legal systems. It establishes the emergence of a normative order of the internet, an order which explains and justifies processes of online rule and regulation. This order ...

The Center for the Governance of Change (CGC) is launching Conversations with the Future, a new videoseries on a range of issues related to technology, disruption and change that will bring together academics, experts and practitioners. In this first episode, “The Nature and Future of Information Confrontation“, Peter Pomerantsev, Visiting Senior Fellow at the London School of Economics and ...

There was a moment in the 1990’s, in the era of high postmodernism, when it seemed that social reality has had no stable foundations and as such it can be freely and totally transformed by interventions in the registers of symbols and images. Various social, political and economic developments of the last two decades – from 9/11 terrorist attacks to the 2008 financial crisis to the recent ...

The future of Europe after the crisis caused by COVID-19 according to Ivan Krastev, political scientist, IWM Permanent Fellow and president of the Centre of Liberal Strategies in Sofia, and Jordi Vaquer, political analyst of the Open Society Initiative for Europe. Conversation in Catalan and English, with subtitles in Catalan and Spanish. ...

All over the world, elections are manipulated by fake news, public opinion is radicalized via social media and electronic voting processes are subject to hacker attacks. The Internet was once seen as an opportunity for more democracy, but today concerns about the future of free elections prevail. Eric Frey, editor of Der Standard, will speak with his guests about the transformation of mass media ...

The volume centres on the debates on digital encryption in Germany and the USA, during the aftermath of Edward Snowden’s leaks, which revolved around the value of privacy and the legitimacy of surveillance practices. Using a discourse analysis of mass media and specialist debates, it shows how these are closely interlinked with technological controversies and how, as a result, contestation ...

After the publication of Hans Jonas' Das Prinzip Verantwortung forty years ago, the principle of responsibility has become a key concept in moral and political debates. Yet the unconditional responsibility for the possibility of the existence of future generations – not only of humans, but also of other living beings – is invariably accompanied by the "heuristics of fear," which presupposes ...

A decade ago social networks, big data and artificial intelligence were welcomed for their promise of progress and democratization of access. Today, the focus has shifted to their dark side as a threat to our privacy, a danger to democracy and as a new form of surveillance. Three of the world’s leading activists of the electronic age gather to discuss our digital future. Roger McNamee, an early ...

In the fifth event of the series “Geopolitical Talks” IWM Permanent Fellow Ivan Krastev will talk with Ambassador William J. Burns, president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, about America’s changing role in the world and the purpose of American diplomacy. William J. Burns is president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the author of The Back Channel: A ...

Digital technology has revolutionised the world in just a few years: our relationships, our work and even the results of elections – everything seems to follow completely different rules. For sociologist Armin Nassehi, a certain technology is only successful if it solves a fundamental problem. So if digitalisation succeeds in unfolding its potential for change, the question is: What problem does ...

After two decades of little direct legislation of the internet, national laws and related court decisions meant to govern cyberspace are rapidly proliferating worldwide. They are becoming building blocks in new legal frameworks that will shape the evolution of Internet governance and policymaking for years to come.In the Global South and particularly under repressive regimes, these frameworks can ...

Polizeibehörden in sechs Bundesländern arbeiten derzeit mit unterschiedlichen algorithmischen Systemen, die Vorhersagen zu zukünftigen Kriminalitätsschwerpunkten erlauben sollen. Dieses “Predictive Policing” ist umstritten: Einerseits sorgen solche Systeme in den Behörden dafür, dass die eigene Polizeiarbeit analysiert und verbessert wird. Andererseits führt Predictive Policing – ...

Seit 2000 organisiert Digitalcourage e.V. die BigBrotherAwards in Deutschland, „die Oscars für Überwachung“ (Le Monde). Durch die BigBrotherAwards wurden u.a. die Payback-Karte als Datensammelkarte, die Urintests an Auszubildenden bei der Bayer AG, die Machenschaften beim Mautsystem von TollCollect und Tchibos schwunghafter Handel mit Kundendaten bekannt gemacht. Außerdem haben wir ...